Estimation of parameters in a split functional model of geodetic observations (<Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>split</Subscript> estimation)     

Z. Wiśniewski 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(2):105-120

The paper presents a method of estimating parameters in two competitive functional models. The models considered here are concerned with the same observation set and are based on the assumption that an observation may result from a realization of either of two different random variables. These variables differ from one another at least in the main characteristic (for example, outliers can be realizations of one variable). A quantity that describes the opportunity of identifying a single observation with one random variable is assumed to be known. That quantity, called the elementary split potential, is strictly referred to the amount of information that an observation can provide about two competitive assumptions concerning the observation distribution. Parameter assessments that maximize the global elementary split potential (concerning all observations), are called M _split estimators. A generalization of M _split estimation presented in the paper refers to the theoretical foundation of M-estimation. An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

成矿定量预测与深部找矿   总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18  

赵鹏大 《地学前缘》2007,14(5):1-10

成矿预测是在不确定条件下制定最优决策的工作。成矿预测作为一种地质系统,与其他技术、经济系统存在重要区别。由于矿床类型的多样性,矿床成因的复杂性,控矿因素的隐蔽性和找矿信息的多解性,成矿预测结果具有不确定性并常常因人而异。探索成矿预测过程客观化、定量化和精确化一直是成矿预测学的前沿课题。文中以个旧锡矿为例展示致矿地质异常与矿体空间产出及分布的密切关系,强调以"求异"准则为指导的成矿定量预测的重要性。当今地质勘查工作面临深部找矿问题,论文从深部找矿的概念、类型、目标、效益等方面简要介绍了国外理论研究和找矿实践概况。强调深部找矿中要加强地壳深部结构的研究,要重视深部找矿的经济"回报率"和勘查项目的"转化率"的重要性。  相似文献   

差分VLBI测量的一种实现方案   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李金岭  王静 《测绘科学技术学报》2007,24(2):79-82

差分VLBI通过交替观测目标天体和参考天体,将共同的误差因素从观测量中扣除,能够实现高精度的相对定位,因而在深空探测中有重要作用.然而,差分VLBI高精度的实现要求目标天体和参考天体的角距很近,这大大限制了其应用.讨论设计了差分VLBI测量的一种实现方案,利用多颗参考源的观测内插出目标源的非几何时延修正,放宽了对目标源和参考源的角距限制.该方案在S波段对目标源非几何时延的修正精度可以达到1 ns水平.  相似文献   

Long-term performance evaluation of zero-valent iron amended permeable reactive barriers for groundwater remediation – A mechanistic approach     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(2):101494

Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are used for groundwater remediation at contaminated sites worldwide. This technology has been efficient at appropriate sites for treating organic and inorganic contaminants using zero-valent iron (ZVI) as a reductant and as a reactive material. Continued development of the technology over the years suggests that a robust understanding of PRB performance and the mechanisms involved is still lacking. Conflicting information in the scientific literature downplays the critical role of ZVI corrosion in the remediation of various organic and inorganic pollutants. Additionally, there is a lack of information on how different mechanisms act in tandem to affect ZVI-groundwater systems through time. In this review paper, we describe the underlying mechanisms of PRB performance and remove isolated misconceptions. We discuss the primary mechanisms of ZVI transformation and aging in PRBs and the role of iron corrosion products. We review numerous sites to reinforce our understanding of the interactions between groundwater contaminants and ZVI and the authigenic minerals that form within PRBs. Our findings show that ZVI corrosion products and mineral precipitates play critical roles in the long-term performance of PRBs by influencing the reactivity of ZVI. Pore occlusion by mineral precipitates occurs at the influent side of PRBs and is enhanced by dissolved oxygen and groundwater rich in dissolved solids and high alkalinity, which negatively impacts hydraulic conductivity, allowing contaminants to potentially bypass the treatment zone. Further development of site characterization tools and models is needed to support effective PRB designs for groundwater remediation.  相似文献   

Mineralization of the Liwu large-scale stratiform copper deposits in Sichuan Province,China: Constraints from fluid inclusions     

《China Geology》2023,6(2):252-268

The Liwu stratiform copper deposit is located in the northwestern Jianglang dome, western China. Current studies mainly focus on the genetic type and mineralization of this deposit. Detailed fluid inclusion characteristics of metallogenic period quartz veins were studied to reveal the ore-forming fluid features. Laser Raman analysis indicates that the ore-forming fluids is a H₂O-NaCl-CH₄ (-CO₂) system. Fluid inclusions microthermometry shows a homogenization temperature of 181–375°C and a salinity of 5.26%–16.99% for the disseminated-banded Cu-Zn mineralization; but a homogenization temperature of 142–343°C and a salinity of 5.41%–21.19% for the massive-veined Cu-Zn mineralization. These features suggest a medium-high temperature and a medium salinity for the ore-forming fluids. H-O isotopic data indicates that the ore-forming fluids were mainly from the metamorphic and magmatic water, plus minor formation water. And sulfur isotopic data indicates that sulfur was mainly derived from the formation and magmatic rocks. Metallogenesis of the disseminated-banded mineralization was mainly correlated with fluid mixing and water-rock reaction; whereas that of the massive-veined mineralization was mainly correlated with fluid boiling. The genetic type of the deposit is a medium-high temperature hydrothermal deposit related to magmatism and controlled by shear zones. This study is beneficial to understand the stratiform copper deposit.©2023 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

赣西石竹山硅灰石矿床石榴子石特征及其地质意义     

张鹏浩  王先广  丁枫  范宇航  王骏怡  邹婧  孙培均  李文韬 《岩石矿物学杂志》2023,42(4):521-540

江西省石竹山硅灰石矿床位于钦杭成矿带东段的萍乐坳陷带内,是世界资源储量规模最大的硅灰石矿床。为了厘清区内成矿流体性质及进一步找矿潜力,本文根据矿物间的穿插关系和光学特征,将该矿床的石榴子石分为早(GrtⅠ)、晚(GrtⅡ)两个世代,在详细的野外工作基础上,利用电子探针(EMPA)和LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析技术,对石竹山矿床中的石榴子石开展了系统研究。结果表明,石竹山硅灰石矿床石榴子石属于钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石固溶体系列,早期形成的石榴子石(GrtⅠ)Fe含量更高,且震荡环带发育,而晚期形成的石榴子石(GrtⅡ)则发育复杂环带。石榴子石GrtⅠ和GrtⅡ都亏损大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Sr等,而Nb、Ta、Zr等高场强元素相对含量较高,U含量与∑REE成正比。GrtⅡ的∑REE较低(12.92×10^-6~21.12×10^-6),具有较平坦的稀土元素配分模式,轻微富集轻稀土元素(Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm),微弱负铕异常;GrtⅠ的∑REE相对较高(13.78×10^-6~73.52×10^-6),更富集轻稀土元素(Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm),呈右倾的稀土元素配分模式,负铕异常明显。推测石榴子石GrtⅠ形成于相对开放、水岩比值较高、高氧逸度的酸性体系中,GrtⅡ则形成于相对封闭、水岩比值较低、高氧逸度的中酸性体系中。此外,将石榴子石的端员组分和微量元素特征与国内外不同矿种的接触交代型金属矿床进行对比,结果显示该矿床存在成Cu、Fe、Mo矿体的潜力。  相似文献   

甘肃省新一轮战略性矿产资源找矿突破措施与对策          下载免费PDF全文

刘子锐 《甘肃地质》2023,(2):1-5

甘肃省是矿产资源大省,矿产资源丰富、种类齐全。矿业是甘肃省的支柱产业。根据新一轮找矿突破战略行动的相关要求,甘肃省编制了瓜州—肃北、敦煌—白银、甘南—陇南战略性矿产资源调查“三个工程”可行性报告,在基础调查区、重点调查区、重点勘查区和重要矿山“四区”部署了56片167个子项目。结合甘肃省矿产资源分布、特点、优势矿种和矿床类型,提出甘肃省新一轮战略性矿产资源找矿突破布局、措施与对策。  相似文献   

滇西地区稀有金属宝石矿床成矿系列成矿规律与找矿方向     

施玉北  曾妍  李蓉  程胜辉  邹积林 《地球学报》2023,44(4):707-722

本文按矿床成矿系列理论研究方法, 初步厘定了滇西地区与燕山期—喜马拉雅期伟晶岩有关的稀有金属宝石矿床成矿系列及亚系列, 与第四纪表生作用有关的稀有金属矿床成矿系列及亚系列, 研究结果表明本地区在燕山期—喜马拉雅期发生了大规模的中-酸性岩浆侵入活动, 并形成众多的伟晶岩, 发生了重要的岩浆-热液成矿事件, 稀有金属铍、铌、钽、锂、铷、铯等矿产成矿主要与其有关, 构成了特定的稀有金属矿产矿床成矿系列。本文初步总结了滇西地区稀有金属矿产资源及其特征、矿床成矿系列及成矿规律, 分析了找矿潜力, 划分出找矿远景区, 深化了该区稀有金属矿产成矿规律认识。  相似文献   

北羌塘坳陷南部胜利河油浸白云岩     

吴珍汉  季长军  赵珍  康少伟  赵荣涛  雷云龙 《地球学报》2023,44(3):411-418

北羌塘坳陷南部胜利河上游出露油浸白云岩,层位为中侏罗统布曲组上部,近水平产状,下伏TOC含量高的黑色泥页岩。油浸白云岩呈灰黑色,原岩为生物碎屑灰岩,经历了白云岩化作用;表面覆盖烟灰状沥青,内含易于挥发的轻质油;地表样品含油率为765×10^–6,远高于南羌塘坳陷隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏地表出露的白云岩油砂(含油率(12～236)×10^–6)。胜利河油浸白云岩裂隙发育,孔隙度为6.49%、渗透率为3.81 mD,属于羌塘盆地有利储层。油气地球化学及油源对比结果显示,胜利河油浸白云岩原油来源于中下侏罗统富有机质泥页岩。胜利河油浸白云岩对北羌塘坳陷油气勘查评价具有重要指示意义。  相似文献   

广东雷州半岛火山岩二氧化碳矿化封存潜力评估     

李鹏春  江静练  程锦辉  赵明辉 《高校地质学报》2023,29(1):76-84

火山岩的矿物固碳作用为减少大气中的二氧化碳(CO₂)提供了一种永久性的封存解决方案,是一种经济、安全的碳捕集封存(CCS)方式。中国火山岩分布广泛,但对火山岩固碳潜力的研究还很欠缺。文章选择广东省雷州半岛火山岩为研究区,利用MapGis软件,建立雷州半岛火山岩厚度分布的矢量地理信息数据库,插值得到三维网格化数据体;基于火山岩矿化封存机制和CO₂矿化封存潜力评估方法,对雷州半岛火山岩CO₂理论矿化封存潜力进行了计算。结果表明,雷州半岛火山岩总面积约3940 km²,总体积约257 km3,CO₂理论矿化封存量在19～459亿吨之间。其中以雷南火山岩区潜力最大,理论封存量为13～326亿吨;其次为雷北遂溪县以东、湛江市西部区域的火山岩区,理论封存量为2～56亿吨;东海岛区域火山岩,理论矿化封存量虽然不大(1.5～35亿吨),但因其与周边工业排放源较近,具有较好的源汇匹配条件,具备CCS潜力。研究结果不仅对于优选封存CO₂火山岩储集区带提供重要依据,同时为未来开...  相似文献